pnlpal

river

This is a community for Programming N' Language pals to discuss and share information and knowledge about programming and languages, not just programming languages. In this topic, I will talk about why I built this website, what is my intention and a few rules of posting.

But first of all, I ask you to help me revise my writings. As an English learner, who has never been exposed to the bigger world before, I am sure I have made a lot of mistakes of using improper words, or grammar errors in the sentences, or violating of political correctness in the meaning. Normally I'll read my writing many times and edit it constantly. But my English is far from good. Actually it's terrible, I know it since I have been learning English for more than 15 years from the first lesson in middle school, I am still struggling on it and progressing at a snail's pace. For the reason I think it's because I never used it. I never kept reading in English except for some tech docs, I never listened to English audios because I don't have to, and I never had chance to speak to others in English except for saying hello or asking for directions, until now. I want to change. I want to start to use English to understand the world and to express my thought. Of course writing is one of my major methods. So I urge you to help me refine my articles. I will value your advice and appreciate your help.

About me

I am living in Wuhan, yes, the first epicenter of Covid-19 and a city of thousands of lakes.
alt text
Well that's not really the true face of Wuhan, it's actually a city of heavy industries.
I started to advance my English skill because I realized that the world is so complicated and I am so narrow-minded. English is an open window to the world.
I mainly read and write about China. I consider myself as a China Watcher (But I must confess I have no idea of what this term means, to me it just means watching Chinese news in English).

As you can see, I am also a programmer, the author of Dictionariez and Captionz, and a few other insignificant open-source projects. I build and market apps by myself.

So this site is made as Dictionariez's backend service, a space to watch YouTube videos with more fun, and a show place of different kinds of learning experience and interesting ideas. I urge you to do the same with me.

I will share what I have learned everyday here. I will write TLNR tech articles in my blog as a record of the developing of projects. I will text or talk with you guys directly in our Discord & Telegram group. I will try to build up this community. Most importantly I will develop my projects continually, to make it better and help others like me.

During the years of programming, I have learned that the best way of learning a skill is creating things with your learning subject, in a practical way like doing an open-source project if you are learning programming. Care about the things that really matter. Read about it, listen to it, and write what's your thought about it, by using your new skill.
So to learn a new language I must find a way how to practically use it. I think reading news, writing blogs and speaking with you guys is a good idea. How do you think? are you going to share your thought with us? are you interested in joining our Discord & Telegram channel to speak with us? are you gonna join our community to build with us and grow with us?

Rules

Before posting or commenting, you should know a few simple rules:

Remember the pals, be nice.
Look for the original source of content.
No propaganda.
No duplicates.
No indirect links.
No too old links unless you have a pretty good reason.
No illegal or unethical stuff.

Now say 'Hello' to pals, and have fun! If you have questions about this post, feel free to ask.

One last thing, do you know the whole thing including this website is open-source? See how it's developing at github. It's been developing actively, so don't forget to check it once for a while.

river

{
  "dictName": "Turkish Language Association (Türk Dil Kurumu)", 
  "windowUrl": "https://sozluk.gov.tr/?kelime=<word>", 
  "css":"header,.tdk-bnr {display: none !important;} body {margin-top: 70px !important;}"
}

river

 {
      "dictName": "WordReference (English - Portuguese)",
      "windowUrl": "https://www.wordreference.com/enpt/<word>",
      "css": "header, body #ad1 { display: none !important;} body { margin-top: 50px !important;}"
}

river

Not finished yet. Should introduce how to use Captionz with Dictionariez.

river

Great idea, I'll dig into it. And thanks for committing this issue.

river

It's all done, pal.
You can add to your collection here: https://pnlpal.dev/tags/turkish

river

What are my language goals for 2021? What is my language learning plan for 2021? Today, I'm sharing with you my language learning strategy to go from intermediate to fluent!

LINGODA SPRINT
If you want to improve your French in 2021 (or your English, Spanish & German), don't forget to checkout the Lingoda Sprint here: http://bit.ly/Elsa_Lingoda_Sprint and use my code WIN105 to get a 10€ (11$) discount on your first month.

The Sprint is a 3-month intensive language course with real native teachers that will help you take your French to the next level! And if you attend all the classes, you can get up to a 100% cashback! The sprint starts on January 15th and you have until January 10th to register

If you enjoyed the video, subscribe to the channel so you know when I upload new videos: http://bit.ly/2PqFvh2

Cool

river

Congratulations to my state company Sinopharm. 100 percent effectiveness in preventing moderate and severe cases of the disease, totally beats the US and UK competitors.

The only question is though: when will the result data be public?

river

{
  "dictName": "Kubbealti Lugati", 
  "windowUrl": "http://lugatim.com/s/<word>", 
  "css":"header {display: none !important;} body {margin-top: 40px !important;}"
}

river

大秦赋观剧--必备历史知识，秦国何人可称君；何人可封侯；秦国历史上何人又封君又封侯。剧中人物君侯之别。
大家好，因公事繁忙，久未更新，在此深表歉意，特殊的一年即将过去，岁末将至，敬颂冬绥。
借着大秦赋正在热播，我今天贡献一点秦朝爵位制度的知识，以便于大家清晰明白的追剧。
秦国何人可称君；何人可封侯；秦国历史上何人又封君又封侯
爵位制度完善于周代，西周自武王伐纣以后，周武王对伐纣有功的人进行了分封，功臣与先朝帝王后裔俱列爵位五等：公、侯、伯、子、男。这个封爵制度十分的清晰简单。
下面我们先说说君号：
西周的分封制，诸侯们享有的权力十分的大，完全就是国中之国，可以有自己的军队，对自己的封地有完全的管辖权，并且是世袭的，父子代代相传，到战国时期出现的封君制则不同，虽然封君们在封地内依然享有极大的权力，但是封君在其封地之上要受到国君的调度，且基本上不是世袭的。《仪礼·丧服》篇讲：“君，至尊也。”郑玄注：“天子、诸侯及卿、大夫有地者皆曰君。”唐贾公彦又疏道：“以其有地则有臣故也。”这就指出了称君的两个条件，一是据有土地；二是属有臣子。
战国时，周天子逐渐失去权威，各诸侯纷纷自封为“王”，在“王”之下，分封的最高等级的就是“君”。原则上讲，封君以自己的封地为封号，比如秦相商鞅的封地为商於十五邑，因此得封君号—商君，但在这里我们要补充一句，这个时候的封地性质上与西周的分封制度已经大相径庭，此时的商君只不过是享有商地税赋的一部分利益，而不享有商地的统治权，而且人也不在自己的封地行使管辖权。大秦赋里赵国的平原君，因封地平原邑而得号。大王之弟，成蛟因分封食邑地名长安，而获封号长安君。但是历史上也有些君号的册封，显然与封地地名无关，比如楚国的春申君，大家都知道，春秋战国，礼坏乐崩，老规矩已经无人认真遵守，在周天子地位逐渐衰落的同时，诸侯们的各种僭越也在慢慢出现。先是用九鼎八簋陪葬，再是违制驾六……最后诸侯们连周天子分封的权力也越俎代庖、僭越代劳了。于是，封君开始出现。诸侯们将自己的封地进行二次分封，分封给卿大夫。但是，这些人虽然有封地，却不能算作诸侯，而且诸侯们也不愿意自降身价、给卿大夫与自己平起平坐的权利！最终，这些被分封的卿大夫们有了一个新名字——封君。此时的封君，除了享受对应的待遇，君号的更多内涵是王给予王室宗亲等人的荣誉，封君不一定非是王族，他们大约可分为两种：1，列国君主的子弟、外戚、幸臣；2，有文治武功于本国的将相。虽话说如此，然我们看到享有君号的依旧多为列国君王宗室子弟。大秦赋里的渨阳君；长安君；以及两位有名无实的西周君；东周君等等均是如此。秦国历史上虽有商鞅，张仪等外戚得封君号，但战国晚期，非王室宗亲的吕不韦；嫪毐；李斯等人虽得以封侯，却无一得封君号，至少我从司马迁的史记中没有看到他们封君的任何信息。由此也可以知道，君，爵册封为两个完全不同的体系。个人以为，封君制的存在某种意义上也是商鞅变法，唯军功享爵位制度，为王室宗亲的利益留的一个后门，以便王室宗亲可以享受爵位制度以外的某些特权。
我们再来看看爵位制度，西周形成完善的爵位体系：公、侯、伯、子、男。到了东周列国，各国已经是各行其道，皆开始创造性的实行自己的爵位制度，如：“卿”、“大夫”、“士”等。
秦国商鞅变法开始，实行二十级军功爵位制度，自法家商鞅，秦国采用全民皆兵的管理体制，因此商鞅的二十级军功爵位制度，实际上是中国最古老的军衔制。
秦二十级军功爵位制度"从低到高"：1公士，2上造，3簪袅，4不更，5大夫，6官大夫，7公大夫，8公乘（成），9五大夫，10左庶（树）长，11右庶长，12左更，13中更，14右更，15少上造，16大上造，17驷车，18大庶长，19关内候，20彻候
秦以上爵位授予标准如下：
商鞅规定：秦国的士兵只要斩获敌人"甲士"(敌军的军官)一个首级，就可以获得一级爵位"公士"、获田一顷（相当于今天的99亩）。宅一处和仆人一个。斩杀的首级越多，获得的爵位就越高。证据是敌人的人头(首级)。就是说在战后，把敌人的人头砍下来，带回军营，作用证据。

如果一个士兵在战场上斩获两个敌人"甲士"首级，他做囚犯的父母就可以立即释放。如果他的妻子是奴隶，也可以转为平民。

杀敌人五个"甲士"可拥有五户人的仆人。

打一次胜仗，小官升一级。大官升三级。

俸禄,主要是以粮食粟（音速）米的记量单位是‘石'。秦1石=30.75公斤

爵位岁俸(石)，每年所得

1公士50； 2上造100； 3簪袅150 ； 4不更200； 5大夫250； 6官大夫300； 7公大夫350； 8公乘400； 9五大夫450； 10左庶长500； 11右庶长550； 12左更600； 13中更650； 14右更700； 15少上造750； 16大上造800；
17驷车850； 18大庶长900； 19关内候950； 20彻候1000

由于商鞅设立秦二十级军功爵位制度，刺激提高了秦军战斗力，因此列国称秦军为虎狼之师。

大秦赋中，文信侯吕不韦；长信侯嫪毐得封爵位均为最高级别—即彻侯。他们的年俸均为：30750公斤，因此得见，他们即便不得他人贿赂，养活家人和一批门客，还是绰绰有余的。

电视剧中，被渨阳君请来的赢姓宗祠的掌管者—关内侯，虽爵位不及吕不韦，但毕竟资历老，辈分高，应该是秦

river

Yes, see here:

LUDWIG guru
Macmilland Thesaurus

river

{
    "dictName": "Macmilland Thesaurus",
    "windowUrl": "https://www.macmillanthesaurus.com/<word>",
    "fixSpaceInWords": "-",
    "css": "#header, form.search-entry-form, #topslot_container { display: none !important; }  .margin-top-1em { margin-top: 0 !important;}"
}

river

This one is amazing!
Thank you.
[link]

river

 {
      "dictName": "Cantonese.org",
      "windowUrl": "https://cantonese.org/search.php?q=<word>"
  
}

river

 {
      "dictName": "WordReference (English - Portuguese)",
      "windowUrl": "https://www.wordreference.com/enpt/<word>",
      "css": "header, body #ad1 { display: none !important;} body { margin-top: 50px !important;}"
}

river

{
  "dictName": "Woorden.org", 
  "windowUrl": "https://www.woorden.org/woord/<word>",
  "css":"body header {display: none !important;}"
}

river

{
  "dictName": "Glosbe (English-Telugu)", 
  "windowUrl": "https://glosbe.com/en/te/<word>",
  "css":".navbar {display: none !important;}"
}

river

{
      "dictName": "Andhrabharati",
      "windowUrl": "https://www.andhrabharati.com/dictionary/index.php?w=<word>",
      "css": "#hdrlinks { display: none !important;}"
    }

river

Yes, see #wordreference and #italian.

river

{
      "dictName": "Internazionale.it",
      "windowUrl": "https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/<word>",
      "css": "header {display: none !important;} body .hentry-feed {margin-top: 0 !important;}"
}

river

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